Definition of ref, Meaning of ref, Translation of ref

ref Click to Search ref
noun (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play • Syn: referee • Derivationally related forms: referee (for: referee), refer (for: referee) • Topics: sport, athletics • Hypernyms: official

refabrication Click to Search refabrication
noun assembling again • Syn: reassembly • Hypernyms: reconstruction • Hyponyms: anastylosis

reface Click to Search reface
verb 1. put a new facing on (a garment) • Hypernyms: face • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 2. provide with a new facing - example : The building was refaced with beautiful stones • Topics: construction, building • Hypernyms: face • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refashion Click to Search refashion
verb make new (Freq. 1) - example : She is remaking her image • Syn: remake, redo, make over • Derivationally related forms: makeover (for: make over), remake (for: remake) • Hypernyms: produce, make, create • Hyponyms: recast, reforge, remodel • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refection Click to Search refection
noun a light meal or repast • Hypernyms: meal, repast

refectory Click to Search refectory
noun a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery) (Freq. 1) • Hypernyms: dining-hall

refectory table Click to Search refectory table
noun a long narrow dining table supported by a stretcher between two trestles • Hypernyms: dining table, board

refer Click to Search refer
verb 1. make reference to (Freq. 21) - example : His name was mentioned in connection with the invention • Syn: mention, advert, bring up, cite, name • Derivationally related forms: reference, name (for: name), naming (for: name), citation (for: cite), mention (for: mention), mentioner (for: mention) • Hypernyms: think of, have in mind, mean • Hyponyms: commend, remember, speak of the devil, quote, cite, touch on, invoke, appeal, namedrop, raise, bring up, drag up, dredge up, cross-refer • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something - example : Something is ----ing PP - example : Somebody ----s PP - example : Somebody ----s PP (for: advert) 2. be relevant to (Freq. 18) - example : There were lots of questions referring to her talk - example : My remark pertained to your earlier comments • Syn: pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on, have-to doe with • Derivationally related forms: pertinent (for: pertain), pertinency (for: pertain), pertinence (for: pertain), reference • Hyponyms: focus on, center on, revolve around, revolve about, concentrate on, center, apply, hold, go for, involve, affect, regard, matter to, interest • Verb Group: allude, touch, advert • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something - example : Something is ----ing PP (for: relate) - example : Something is ----ing PP (for: pertain) - example : Something is ----ing PP 3. think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another (Freq. 12) - example : This plant can be referred to a known species • Derivationally related forms: reference • Hypernyms: classify, class, sort, assort, sort out, separate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something PP 4. send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision (Freq. 6) - example : refer a patient to a specialist - example : refer a bill to a committee • Derivationally related forms: referee, reference, referral • Hypernyms: send, direct • Hyponyms: submit, subject, recommit • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something to somebody 5. seek information from (Freq. 4) - example : You should consult the dictionary - example : refer to your notes • Syn: consult, look up • Derivationally related forms: reference, consultation (for: consult) • Hypernyms: research • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s PP 6. have as a meaning (Freq. 3) - example : `multi-' denotes `many' • Syn: denote • Derivationally related forms: reference, denotive (for: denote), denotative (for: denote), denotation (for: denote) • Hypernyms: mean, intend, signify, stand for • Hyponyms: twist, twist around, pervert, convolute, sophisticate, euphemize, euphemise, hark back, return, come back, recall, name, identify, apply, slur, express, state • Verb Group: denote • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s something - example : Something is ----ing PP - example : Somebody ----s PP 7. use a name to designate - example : Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary • Hypernyms: name, call • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something

referable Click to Search referable
adjective capable of being assigned or credited to - example : punctuation errors ascribable to careless proofreading - example : the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain - example : the oversight was not imputable to him • Syn: ascribable, due, imputable • Similar to: attributable • Derivationally related forms: ascribe (for: ascribable)

referee Click to Search referee
I noun 1. (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play (Freq. 1) • Syn: ref • Derivationally related forms: refer • Topics: sport, athletics • Hypernyms: official 2. someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication • Syn: reviewer, reader • Derivationally related forms: refer, review (for: reviewer) • Hypernyms: critic • Hyponyms: scanner 3. an attorney appointed by a court to investigate and report on a case • Topics: law, jurisprudence • Hypernyms: lawyer, attorney II verb 1. be a referee or umpire in a sports competition • Syn: umpire • Derivationally related forms: umpirage (for: umpire), umpire (for: umpire), refereeing • Topics: sport, athletics • Hypernyms: judge • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s - example : Somebody ----s something 2. evaluate professionally a colleague's work • Syn: peer review • Hypernyms: review, critique • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refereeing Click to Search refereeing
noun the act of umpiring - example : the officiating was excellent • Syn: umpirage, officiation, officiating • Derivationally related forms: referee, officiate (for: officiating), officiate (for: officiation), umpire (for: umpirage) • Hypernyms: decision making, deciding

reference Click to Search reference
I noun 1. a remark that calls attention to something or someone (Freq. 9) - example : she made frequent mention of her promotion - example : there was no mention of it - example : the speaker made several references to his wife • Syn: mention • Derivationally related forms: refer, mention (for: mention) • Hypernyms: remark, comment, input • Hyponyms: allusion, retrospection, name-dropping 2. a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage (Freq. 6) - example : the student's essay failed to list several important citations - example : the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book - example : the article includes mention of similar clinical cases • Syn: citation, cite, acknowledgment, credit, mention, quotation • Derivationally related forms: mention (for: mention), credit (for: credit), acknowledge (for: acknowledgment), cite (for: citation) • Hypernyms: note, annotation, notation • Hyponyms: photo credit, cross-reference, cross-index 3. an indicator that orients you generally (Freq. 5) - example : it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved • Syn: reference point, point of reference • Hypernyms: indicator • Hyponyms: benchmark, bench mark, landmark, lubber's line, lubber line, lubber's mark, lubber's point, target, mark, white line, buoy 4. a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts (Freq. 5) - example : he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic • Syn: reference book, reference work, book of facts • Derivationally related forms: refer • Hypernyms: book • Hyponyms: cookbook, cookery book, instruction book, source book, wordbook, handbook, enchiridion, vade mecum, directory, annual, yearly, yearbook, atlas, book of maps, map collection, encyclopedia, cyclopedia, encyclopaedia, cyclopaedia 5. a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability (Freq. 4) - example : requests for character references are all too often answered evasively • Syn: character, character reference • Derivationally related forms: characterise (for: character) • Hypernyms: recommendation, testimonial, good word 6. the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to (Freq. 3) - example : the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos • Syn: denotation, extension • Derivationally related forms: extensional (for: extension), denote (for: denotation), referent, refer • Hypernyms: meaning, substance 7. the act of referring or consulting (Freq. 2) - example : reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer • Syn: consultation • Derivationally related forms: consult (for: consultation), refer • Hypernyms: action 8. a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to - example : he carried an armful of references back to his desk - example : he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation • Syn: source • Derivationally related forms: source (for: source), refer • Hypernyms: publication 9. (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored • Syn: address, computer address • Derivationally related forms: address (for: address) • Topics: computer science, computing • Hypernyms: code, computer code • Hyponyms: argument, parameter, URL, uniform resource locator, universal resource locator 10. the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to - example : he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes • Derivationally related forms: referential, refer • Hypernyms: meaning, substance II verb refer to - example : he referenced his colleagues' work • Syn: cite • Derivationally related forms: citation (for: cite) • Topics: writing, authorship, composition, penning • Hypernyms: write, compose, pen, indite • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Did he reference his major works over a short period of time?

reference book Click to Search reference book
noun a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts - example : he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic • Syn: reference, reference work, book of facts • Derivationally related forms: refer (for: reference) • Hypernyms: book • Hyponyms: cookbook, cookery book, instruction book, source book, wordbook, handbook, enchiridion, vade mecum, directory, annual, yearly, yearbook, atlas, book of maps, map collection, encyclopedia, cyclopedia, encyclopaedia, cyclopaedia

reference frame Click to Search reference frame
noun a system that uses coordinates to establish position • Syn: coordinate system, frame of reference, reference system • Hypernyms: arrangement, organization, organisation, system • Hyponyms: Cartesian coordinate system, inertial reference frame, inertial frame, space-time, space-time continuum • Part Meronyms: coordinate axis

reference grid Click to Search reference grid
noun a pattern of horizontal and vertical lines that provide coordinates for locating points on an image or a map • Hypernyms: grid

reference manual Click to Search reference manual
noun a manual containing information organized in a summary manner • Hypernyms: manual

reference point Click to Search reference point
noun an indicator that orients you generally - example : it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved • Syn: point of reference, reference • Hypernyms: indicator • Hyponyms: benchmark, bench mark, landmark, lubber's line, lubber line, lubber's mark, lubber's point, target, mark, white line, buoy

reference system Click to Search reference system
noun a system that uses coordinates to establish position • Syn: coordinate system, frame of reference, reference frame • Hypernyms: arrangement, organization, organisation, system • Hyponyms: Cartesian coordinate system, inertial reference frame, inertial frame, space-time, space-time continuum • Part Meronyms: coordinate axis

reference work Click to Search reference work
noun a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts - example : he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic • Syn: reference book, reference, book of facts • Derivationally related forms: refer (for: reference) • Hypernyms: book • Hyponyms: cookbook, cookery book, instruction book, source book, wordbook, handbook, enchiridion, vade mecum, directory, annual, yearly, yearbook, atlas, book of maps, map collection, encyclopedia, cyclopedia, encyclopaedia, cyclopaedia

referenced Click to Search referenced
adjective supported with written references or citations - example : a carefully referenced biography • Similar to: documented

referendum Click to Search referendum
noun a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate (Freq. 1) • Hypernyms: vote

referent Click to Search referent
I noun 1. something referred to; the object of a reference • Hypernyms: meaning, significance, signification, import • Hyponyms: antecedent, denotatum, designatum 2. the first term in a proposition; the term to which other terms relate • Hypernyms: term 3. something that refers; a term that refers to another term • Hypernyms: term II adjective having reference - example : judgments referent to the indictment • Similar to: denotative, denotive • Derivationally related forms: reference

referential Click to Search referential
adjective referring or pointing to something - example : symbols are inherently referential • Similar to: denotative, denotive • Derivationally related forms: reference

referral Click to Search referral
noun 1. a person whose case has been referred to a specialist or professional group - example : the patient is a referral from Dr. Bones • Hypernyms: case 2. a recommendation to consult the (professional) person or group to whom one has been referred - example : the insurance company says that you need a written referral from your physician before seeing a specialist • Hypernyms: recommendation 3. the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency) • Derivationally related forms: refer • Hypernyms: forwarding • Hyponyms: remission, remitment, remit

referred pain Click to Search referred pain
noun pain that is felt at a place in the body different from the injured or diseased part where the pain would be expected - example : angina pectoris can cause referred pain in the left shoulder - example : pain in the right shoulder can be referred pain from gallbladder disease • Hypernyms: pain, hurting

refill Click to Search refill
I noun 1. a prescription drug that is provided again - example : he got a refill of his prescription - example : the prescription specified only one refill • Hypernyms: prescription drug, prescription, prescription medicine, ethical drug 2. a commercial product that refills a container with its appropriate contents - example : he got a refill for his ball-point pen - example : he got a refill for his notebook • Hypernyms: merchandise, ware, product II verb fill something that had previously been emptied (Freq. 1) - example : refill my glass, please • Syn: replenish, fill again • Derivationally related forms: refilling, replenishment (for: replenish) • Hypernyms: fill, fill up, make full • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something - example : Somebody ----s something with something

refilling Click to Search refilling
noun filling again by supplying what has been used up • Syn: replenishment, replacement, renewal • Derivationally related forms: replenish (for: replenishment), refill • Hypernyms: filling

refinance Click to Search refinance
verb renew the financing of (Freq. 1) • Hypernyms: finance • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refine Click to Search refine
verb 1. improve or perfect by pruning or polishing (Freq. 2) - example : refine one's style of writing • Syn: polish, fine-tune, down • Derivationally related forms: refinement, refiner, polish (for: polish) • Hypernyms: better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate • Hyponyms: overrefine, over-refine, educate, school, train, cultivate, civilize, civilise • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody 2. make more complex, intricate, or richer (Freq. 1) - example : refine a design or pattern • Syn: complicate, rarify, elaborate • Derivationally related forms: elaboration (for: elaborate), complication (for: complicate) • Hypernyms: change, alter, modify • Hyponyms: involve, develop, sophisticate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 3. treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition - example : refine paper stock - example : refine pig iron - example : refine oil • Derivationally related forms: refinement, refiner, refinery • Hypernyms: process, treat • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 4. reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities - example : refine sugar • Syn: rectify • Derivationally related forms: rectification (for: rectify), refinement, refiner, refining • Hypernyms: purify, sublimate, make pure, distill • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 5. attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying - example : many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet • Hypernyms: attenuate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 6. make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of - example : refine a method of analysis - example : refine the constant in the equation • Derivationally related forms: refinement • Hypernyms: change, alter, modify • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something

refined Click to Search refined
adjective 1. (used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel (Freq. 2) - example : she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship - example : refined people with refined taste • Ant: unrefined • Similar to: civilized, civilised, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polite, couth, dainty, mincing, niminy-piminy, prim, twee, debonair, debonaire, debonnaire, suave, finespun, delicate, gentlemanlike, gentlemanly, ladylike, patrician, overrefined, superfine, well-bred, well-mannered • See Also: civilized, civilised, elegant, fastidious, gracious, polished 2. freed from impurities by processing (Freq. 1) - example : refined sugar - example : refined oil - example : "to gild refined gold"- Shakespeare • Syn: processed • Ant: unrefined 3. showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience - example : his polished manner - example : maintained an urbane tone in his letters • Syn: polished, svelte, urbane • Similar to: sophisticated • Derivationally related forms: urbanity (for: urbane) 4. free from what is tawdry or unbecoming - example : a neat style - example : a neat set of rules - example : she hated to have her neat plans upset • Syn: neat, tasteful • Similar to: elegant • Derivationally related forms: tastefulness (for: tasteful), neatness (for: neat) 5. suggesting taste, ease, and wealth • Syn: elegant, graceful • Similar to: gracious • Derivationally related forms: elegance (for: elegant)

refined sugar Click to Search refined sugar
noun a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative • Syn: sugar • Derivationally related forms: sugar (for: sugar) • Hypernyms: sweetening, sweetener • Hyponyms: caramel, caramelized sugar, lump sugar, sugarloaf, sugar loaf, loaf sugar, cane sugar, granulated sugar, beet sugar, corn sugar, brown sugar

refinement Click to Search refinement
noun 1. the result of improving something (Freq. 1) - example : he described a refinement of this technique • Syn: elaboration • Derivationally related forms: elaborate (for: elaboration), refine • Hypernyms: improvement, betterment, advance 2. a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality (Freq. 1) - example : they performed with great polish - example : I admired the exquisite refinement of his prose - example : "almost an inspiration which gives to all work that finish which is almost art"--Joseph Conrad • Syn: polish, culture, cultivation, finish • Derivationally related forms: cultivate (for: cultivation), refine, polish (for: polish) • Hypernyms: perfection, flawlessness, ne plus ultra 3. the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste - example : a man of intellectual refinement - example : he is remembered for his generosity and civilization • Syn: civilization, civilisation • Derivationally related forms: civilise (for: civilisation), civilize (for: civilization) • Hypernyms: excellence 4. a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude - example : without understanding the finer nuances you can't enjoy the humor - example : don't argue about shades of meaning • Syn: nuance, nicety, shade, subtlety • Derivationally related forms: refine • Hypernyms: meaning, significance, signification, import 5. the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) • Syn: refining, purification • Derivationally related forms: purify (for: purification), refine, refine (for: refining) • Hypernyms: processing • Hyponyms: rectification

refiner Click to Search refiner
noun one whose work is to refine a specific thing - example : he was a sugar refiner • Derivationally related forms: refine • Hypernyms: skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman

refinery Click to Search refinery
noun an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance • Derivationally related forms: refine • Hypernyms: plant, works, industrial plant • Hyponyms: oil refinery, petroleum refinery, sugar refinery

refining Click to Search refining
noun the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) • Syn: refinement, purification • Derivationally related forms: purify (for: purification), refine (for: refinement), refine • Hypernyms: processing • Hyponyms: rectification

refining industry Click to Search refining industry
noun an industry that produces and delivers oil and oil products • Syn: oil industry, oil business • Hypernyms: industry • Member Meronyms: oil company, pipeline company

refinish Click to Search refinish
verb give a new surface - example : refinish the dining room furniture • Derivationally related forms: refinisher • Hypernyms: coat, surface • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refinisher Click to Search refinisher
noun a skilled worker who is employed to restore or refinish buildings or antique furniture • Syn: renovator, restorer, preserver • Derivationally related forms: restore (for: restorer), renovate (for: renovator), refinish • Hypernyms: skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman

refit Click to Search refit
I noun outfitting a ship again (by repairing or replacing parts) • Hypernyms: outfitting II verb fit out again • Hypernyms: equip, fit, fit out, outfit • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Somebody ----s somebody with something

reflate Click to Search reflate
verb 1. economics: experience reflation - example : The economy reflated after the Fed took extreme measures • Derivationally related forms: reflation • Hypernyms: change • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s 2. economics: raise demand, expand the money supply, or raise prices, after a period of deflation - example : These measures reflated the economy • Derivationally related forms: reflation • Hypernyms: inflate, change, alter, modify • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 3. inflate again - example : reflate the balloon • Hypernyms: inflate, blow up • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 4. become inflated again • Hypernyms: balloon, inflate, billow • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s

reflation Click to Search reflation
noun inflation of currency after a period of deflation; restore the system to a previous state • Derivationally related forms: reflate • Hypernyms: inflation, rising prices

reflect Click to Search reflect
verb 1. manifest or bring back (Freq. 41) - example : This action reflects his true beliefs • Hypernyms: indicate, point, designate, show • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s something 2. reflect deeply on a subject (Freq. 18) - example : I mulled over the events of the afternoon - example : philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years - example : The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate • Syn: chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate, muse, mull, mull over, ruminate, speculate • Derivationally related forms: speculative (for: speculate), speculation (for: speculate), ruminative (for: ruminate), rumination (for: ruminate), ruminator (for: ruminate), muller (for: mull), reflective, muse (for: muse), muser (for: muse), musing (for: muse), contemplative (for: contemplate), contemplation (for: contemplate), excogitative (for: excogitate), ponderer (for: ponder), meditative (for: meditate), meditation (for: meditate) • Hypernyms: think, cogitate, cerebrate • Hyponyms: premeditate, theologize, theologise, introspect, bethink, cogitate, wonder, question, puzzle, study, consider • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s PP - example : Somebody ----s something (for: think over) - example : Somebody ----s something (for: chew over) 3. to throw or bend back (from a surface) (Freq. 17) - example : Sound is reflected well in this auditorium • Syn: reverberate • Derivationally related forms: reverberant (for: reverberate), reflector • Topics: acoustics • Hyponyms: reverberate, mirror • Verb Group: reverberate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 4. be bright by reflecting or casting light (Freq. 5) - example : Drive carefully--the wet road reflects • Syn: shine • Derivationally related forms: shiner (for: shine), shine (for: shine), reflective • Hypernyms: emit, give out, give off • Hyponyms: resplend, glare, opalesce, luminesce, sparkle, scintillate, coruscate • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s 5. show an image of - example : her sunglasses reflected his image • Topics: optics • Hypernyms: show • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s something 6. give evidence of a certain behavior - example : His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him • Hypernyms: attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence • Verb Frames: - example : Something is ----ing PP 7. give evidence of the quality of - example : The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student • Hypernyms: attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence • Hyponyms: mirror • Verb Frames: - example : Something is ----ing PP

reflectance Click to Search reflectance
noun the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface (Freq. 1) • Syn: coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectivity • Hypernyms: coefficient

reflected Click to Search reflected
adjective (especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back - example : reflected light - example : reflected heat - example : reflected glory • Ant: unreflected • Similar to: echoic, echolike, mirrored

reflecting Click to Search reflecting
adjective causing reflection or having a device that reflects - example : a reflecting microscope • Similar to: reflective

reflecting telescope Click to Search reflecting telescope
noun optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece - example : Isaac Newton invented the reflecting telescope in 1668 • Syn: reflector • Hypernyms: optical telescope • Hyponyms: Cassegrainian telescope, Gregorian telescope, coude telescope, coude system, Herschelian telescope, off-axis reflector, Maksutov telescope, Newtonian telescope, Newtonian reflector, Schmidt telescope, Schmidt camera • Part Meronyms: parabolic mirror

reflection Click to Search reflection
noun 1. a calm, lengthy, intent consideration (Freq. 8) • Syn: contemplation, reflexion, rumination, musing, thoughtfulness • Derivationally related forms: thoughtful (for: thoughtfulness), muse (for: musing), ruminate (for: rumination), contemplate (for: contemplation) • Hypernyms: consideration • Hyponyms: cogitation, study, meditation, speculation, introspection, self-contemplation, self-examination, retrospect 2. the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface (Freq. 4) • Syn: reflexion • Hypernyms: physical phenomenon • Hyponyms: flare, interreflection, virtual image, zodiacal light 3. expression without words (Freq. 4) - example : tears are an expression of grief - example : the pulse is a reflection of the heart's condition • Syn: expression, manifestation, reflexion • Derivationally related forms: manifest (for: manifestation) • Hypernyms: demonstration, demo • Hyponyms: lamentation, mourning, act, effusion, gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition 4. a likeness in which left and right are reversed (Freq. 2) • Syn: mirror image, reflexion • Hypernyms: likeness, alikeness, similitude 5. the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material) (Freq. 2) - example : he studied his reflection in the mirror • Syn: reflexion • Hypernyms: picture, image, icon, ikon 6. (mathematics) a transformation in which the direction of one axis is reversed • Topics: mathematics, math, maths • Hypernyms: transformation 7. a remark expressing careful consideration • Syn: observation, reflexion • Derivationally related forms: observe (for: observation) • Hypernyms: remark, comment, input • Instance Hyponyms: Parkinson's law 8. the ability to reflect beams or rays • Syn: reflexion, reflectivity • Derivationally related forms: reflective (for: reflectivity) • Hypernyms: physical property • Hyponyms: echo, reverberation, sound reflection, replication

reflection factor Click to Search reflection factor
noun the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface • Syn: coefficient of reflection, reflectance, reflectivity • Hypernyms: coefficient

reflective Click to Search reflective
adjective 1. deeply or seriously thoughtful (Freq. 3) - example : Byron lives on not only in his poetry, but also in his creation of the 'Byronic hero' - the persona of a brooding melancholy young man • Syn: brooding, broody, contemplative, meditative, musing, pensive, pondering, ruminative • Similar to: thoughtful • Derivationally related forms: ruminate (for: ruminative), reflectivity, reflect, pensiveness (for: pensive), meditativeness (for: meditative), meditate (for: meditative), contemplate (for: contemplative), contemplativeness (for: contemplative) 2. capable of physically reflecting light or sound - example : a reflective surface • Ant: nonreflective • Similar to: mirrorlike, specular, reflecting • Derivationally related forms: reflectivity, reflect 3. devoted to matters of the mind - example : the reflective type • Similar to: intellectual • Derivationally related forms: reflectivity, reflect

reflective power Click to Search reflective power
noun the ratio of reflected to incident light • Syn: albedo • Hypernyms: ratio

reflectively Click to Search reflectively
adverb in a reflective manner (Freq. 1) - example : he watched her reflectively • Derived from adjective: reflective

reflectiveness Click to Search reflectiveness
noun the capability of quiet thought or contemplation • Syn: reflectivity • Derivationally related forms: reflective (for: reflectivity) • Hypernyms: thoughtfulness

reflectivity Click to Search reflectivity
noun 1. the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface • Syn: coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectance • Hypernyms: coefficient 2. the ability to reflect beams or rays • Syn: reflection, reflexion • Derivationally related forms: reflective • Hypernyms: physical property • Hyponyms: echo, reverberation, sound reflection, replication 3. the capability of quiet thought or contemplation • Syn: reflectiveness • Derivationally related forms: reflective • Hypernyms: thoughtfulness

reflectometer Click to Search reflectometer
noun a meter that measures the reflectance of a surface • Hypernyms: meter

reflector Click to Search reflector
noun 1. device that reflects radiation (Freq. 6) • Derivationally related forms: reflect • Hypernyms: device • Hyponyms: mirror, parabolic reflector, paraboloid reflector, solar dish, solar collector, solar furnace 2. optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece (Freq. 1) - example : Isaac Newton invented the reflecting telescope in 1668 • Syn: reflecting telescope • Hypernyms: optical telescope • Hyponyms: Cassegrainian telescope, Gregorian telescope, coude telescope, coude system, Herschelian telescope, off-axis reflector, Maksutov telescope, Newtonian telescope, Newtonian reflector, Schmidt telescope, Schmidt camera • Part Meronyms: parabolic mirror

reflectorise Click to Search reflectorise
verb provide with reflectors, such as chemicals - example : the driveway was reflectorized for safety reasons • Syn: reflectorize • Hypernyms: supply, provide, render, furnish • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

reflectorize Click to Search reflectorize
verb provide with reflectors, such as chemicals - example : the driveway was reflectorized for safety reasons • Syn: reflectorise • Hypernyms: supply, provide, render, furnish • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

reflex Click to Search reflex
I noun an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (Freq. 5) • Syn: reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned reflex, physiological reaction • Hypernyms: reaction, response • Hyponyms: accommodation reflex, Babinski, Babinski reflex, Babinski sign, belch, belching, burp, burping, eructation, blink, eye blink, blinking, wink, winking, nictitation, nictation, blush, flush, vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking, defecation reflex, rectal reflex, yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy, electric shock, electrical shock, shock, fart, farting, flatus, wind, breaking wind, gulp, gulping, knee jerk, knee-jerk reflex, patellar reflex, light reflex, pupillary reflex, miosis, myosis, mydriasis, micturition reflex, pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex, pilomotor reflex, gooseflesh, goose bump, goosebump, goose pimple, goose skin, horripilation, plantar reflex, rooting reflex, startle, jump, start, stretch reflex, myotactic reflex, suckling reflex, tremble, shiver, shake, sneeze, sneezing, sternutation, hiccup, hiccough, singultus II adjective without volition or conscious control - example : the automatic shrinking of the pupils of the eye in strong light - example : a reflex knee jerk - example : sneezing is reflexive • Syn: automatic, reflexive • Similar to: involuntary • Topics: physiology

reflex action Click to Search reflex action
noun an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus • Syn: reflex, reflex response, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned reflex, physiological reaction • Derivationally related forms: reflex (for: reflex) • Hypernyms: reaction, response • Hyponyms: accommodation reflex, Babinski, Babinski reflex, Babinski sign, belch, belching, burp, burping, eructation, blink, eye blink, blinking, wink, winking, nictitation, nictation, blush, flush, vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking, defecation reflex, rectal reflex, yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy, electric shock, electrical shock, shock, fart, farting, flatus, wind, breaking wind, gulp, gulping, knee jerk, knee-jerk reflex, patellar reflex, light reflex, pupillary reflex, miosis, myosis, mydriasis, micturition reflex, pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex, pilomotor reflex, gooseflesh, goose bump, goosebump, goose pimple, goose skin, horripilation, plantar reflex, rooting reflex, startle, jump, start, stretch reflex, myotactic reflex, suckling reflex, tremble, shiver, shake, sneeze, sneezing, sternutation, hiccup, hiccough, singultus

reflex angle Click to Search reflex angle
noun an angle greater than 180 degrees (but less than 360) • Hypernyms: angle

reflex arc Click to Search reflex arc
noun the neural path of a reflex • Hypernyms: neural structure

reflex camera Click to Search reflex camera
noun camera that allows the photographer to view and focus the exact scene being photographed • Hypernyms: camera, photographic camera

reflex epilepsy Click to Search reflex epilepsy
noun a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation • Hypernyms: epilepsy • Hyponyms: musicogenic epilepsy, photogenic epilepsy

reflex response Click to Search reflex response
noun an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus • Syn: reflex, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned reflex, physiological reaction • Derivationally related forms: reflex (for: reflex) • Hypernyms: reaction, response • Hyponyms: accommodation reflex, Babinski, Babinski reflex, Babinski sign, belch, belching, burp, burping, eructation, blink, eye blink, blinking, wink, winking, nictitation, nictation, blush, flush, vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking, defecation reflex, rectal reflex, yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy, electric shock, electrical shock, shock, fart, farting, flatus, wind, breaking wind, gulp, gulping, knee jerk, knee-jerk reflex, patellar reflex, light reflex, pupillary reflex, miosis, myosis, mydriasis, micturition reflex, pharyngeal reflex, gag reflex, pilomotor reflex, gooseflesh, goose bump, goosebump, goose pimple, goose skin, horripilation, plantar reflex, rooting reflex, startle, jump, start, stretch reflex, myotactic reflex, suckling reflex, tremble, shiver, shake, sneeze, sneezing, sternutation, hiccup, hiccough, singultus

reflexed Click to Search reflexed
adjective (of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees • Similar to: crooked

reflexion Click to Search reflexion
noun 1. the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface • Syn: reflection • Hypernyms: physical phenomenon • Hyponyms: flare, interreflection, virtual image, zodiacal light 2. a likeness in which left and right are reversed • Syn: mirror image, reflection • Hypernyms: likeness, alikeness, similitude 3. expression without words - example : tears are an expression of grief - example : the pulse is a reflection of the heart's condition • Syn: expression, manifestation, reflection • Derivationally related forms: manifest (for: manifestation) • Hypernyms: demonstration, demo • Hyponyms: lamentation, mourning, act, effusion, gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition 4. a calm, lengthy, intent consideration • Syn: contemplation, reflection, rumination, musing, thoughtfulness • Derivationally related forms: thoughtful (for: thoughtfulness), muse (for: musing), ruminate (for: rumination), contemplate (for: contemplation) • Hypernyms: consideration • Hyponyms: cogitation, study, meditation, speculation, introspection, self-contemplation, self-examination, retrospect 5. the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material) - example : he studied his reflection in the mirror • Syn: reflection • Hypernyms: picture, image, icon, ikon 6. a remark expressing careful consideration • Syn: observation, reflection • Derivationally related forms: observe (for: observation) • Hypernyms: remark, comment, input • Instance Hyponyms: Parkinson's law 7. the ability to reflect beams or rays • Syn: reflection, reflectivity • Derivationally related forms: reflective (for: reflectivity) • Hypernyms: physical property • Hyponyms: echo, reverberation, sound reflection, replication

reflexive Click to Search reflexive
I noun a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent • Syn: reflexive pronoun • Hypernyms: personal pronoun II adjective 1. without volition or conscious control - example : the automatic shrinking of the pupils of the eye in strong light - example : a reflex knee jerk - example : sneezing is reflexive • Syn: automatic, reflex • Similar to: involuntary • Derivationally related forms: reflex (for: reflex) • Topics: physiology 2. referring back to itself • Syn: self-referent • Similar to: backward • Derivationally related forms: reflexiveness, reflexivity • Topics: grammar

reflexive pronoun Click to Search reflexive pronoun
noun a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent • Syn: reflexive • Derivationally related forms: reflexive (for: reflexive) • Hypernyms: personal pronoun

reflexive verb Click to Search reflexive verb
noun a verb whose agent performs an action that is directed at the agent - example : the sentence `he washed' has a reflexive verb - example : `perjure' is a reflexive verb because you cannot perjure anyone but yourself • Hypernyms: verb

reflexiveness Click to Search reflexiveness
noun 1. the coreferential relation between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent • Syn: reflexivity • Hypernyms: coreference 2. (logic and mathematics) a relation such that it holds between an element and itself • Syn: reflexivity • Derivationally related forms: reflexive, reflexive (for: reflexivity) • Topics: logic, mathematics, math, maths • Hypernyms: logical relation, mathematical relation

reflexivity Click to Search reflexivity
noun 1. the coreferential relation between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent • Syn: reflexiveness • Hypernyms: coreference 2. (logic and mathematics) a relation such that it holds between an element and itself • Syn: reflexiveness • Derivationally related forms: reflexive (for: reflexiveness), reflexive • Topics: logic, mathematics, math, maths • Hypernyms: logical relation, mathematical relation

reflexly Click to Search reflexly
adverb in a reflex manner (Freq. 2) - example : such effects can be induced reflexly • Derived from adjective: reflex

reflexology Click to Search reflexology
noun 1. the study of reflex action as it relates to the behavior of organisms • Hypernyms: behaviorism, behaviourism, behavioristic psychology, behaviouristic psychology 2. massage to relieve tension by finger pressure; based on the belief that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head that are connected to every part of the body • Hypernyms: massage

refloat Click to Search refloat
verb set afloat again - example : refloat a grounded boat • Hypernyms: float • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

reflux Click to Search reflux
noun 1. an abnormal backward flow of body fluids • Hypernyms: pathology • Hyponyms: gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal reflux, oesophageal reflux, hepatojugular reflux, ureterorenal reflux, vesicoureteral reflux 2. the outward flow of the tide • Syn: ebb • Derivationally related forms: ebb (for: ebb) • Hypernyms: flow, flowing • Part Holonyms: ebbtide

reflux condenser Click to Search reflux condenser
noun condenser such that vapor over a boiling liquid is condensed and flows back into the vessel to prevent its contents from boiling dry • Hypernyms: condenser

refocus Click to Search refocus
verb 1. focus once again • Derivationally related forms: refocusing • Hypernyms: focus • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 2. focus anew - example : The group needs to refocus its goals • Derivationally related forms: refocusing • Hypernyms: concenter, concentre, focalize, focalise, focus • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 3. put again into focus or focus more sharply - example : refocus the image until it is very sharp • Derivationally related forms: refocusing • Hypernyms: focus, focalize, focalise, sharpen • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something

refocusing Click to Search refocusing
noun focusing again (Freq. 1) • Derivationally related forms: refocus • Hypernyms: focalization, focalisation, focusing

reforest Click to Search reforest
verb forest anew - example : After the fire, they reforested the mountain • Derivationally related forms: reforestation • Hypernyms: afforest, forest • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s somebody

reforestation Click to Search reforestation
noun the restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting • Syn: re-afforestation • Derivationally related forms: re-afforest (for: re-afforestation), reforest • Hypernyms: reclamation, renewal, rehabilitation

reforge Click to Search reforge
verb cast or model anew - example : She had to recast her image to please the electorate in her home state • Syn: recast, remodel • Hypernyms: remake, refashion, redo, make over • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

reform Click to Search reform
I noun 1. a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses (Freq. 3) - example : justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts • Hypernyms: improvement • Hyponyms: land reform, moralization, moralisation, housecleaning 2. a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices (Freq. 1) - example : the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians • Hypernyms: campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement, effort 3. self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice - example : the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform • Hypernyms: self-improvement, self-reformation II verb 1. make changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices (Freq. 1) - example : reform a political system • Derivationally related forms: reformative, reformist, reformation, reformer • Hypernyms: better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 2. bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one - example : The Church reformed me - example : reform your conduct • Syn: reclaim, regenerate, rectify • Derivationally related forms: rectification (for: rectify), reclamation (for: reclaim), reformative, reformatory, reformist, reformation • Hypernyms: change, alter, modify • Hyponyms: moralize, moralise • Verb Group: straighten out, see the light • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something 3. produce by cracking - example : reform gas • Topics: chemistry, chemical science • Hypernyms: create from raw material, create from raw stuff • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 4. break up the molecules of - example : reform oil • Derivationally related forms: reformer • Topics: chemistry, chemical science • Hypernyms: change integrity • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 5. improve by alteration or correction of errors or defects and put into a better condition - example : reform the health system in this country • Derivationally related forms: reformist, reformation • Hypernyms: better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 6. change for the better - example : The lazy student promised to reform - example : the habitual cheater finally saw the light • Syn: straighten out, see the light • Derivationally related forms: reformatory, reformation • Hypernyms: better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate • Verb Group: reclaim, regenerate, rectify • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s - example : Somebody ----s

Reform Jew Click to Search Reform Jew
noun liberal Jew who tries to adapt all aspects of Judaism to modern circumstances • Hypernyms: Jew, Hebrew, Israelite • Member Holonyms: Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism Click to Search Reform Judaism
noun 1. the most liberal Jews; Jews who do not follow the Talmud strictly but try to adapt all of the historical forms of Judaism to the modern world • Hypernyms: Judaism, Hebraism, Jewish religion • Member Meronyms: Reform Jew 2. beliefs and practices of Reform Jews • Hypernyms: Judaism

reform movement Click to Search reform movement
noun a movement intended to bring about social and humanitarian reforms (Freq. 1) • Hypernyms: movement, social movement, front • Hyponyms: Enlightenment, Age of Reason, labor movement, trade union movement, labor

reform school Click to Search reform school
noun correctional institution for the detention and discipline and training of young or first offenders • Syn: reformatory, training school • Derivationally related forms: reformatory (for: reformatory) • Hypernyms: correctional institution • Hyponyms: borstal

reformable Click to Search reformable
adjective susceptible to improvement or reform - example : a redeemable sinner • Syn: redeemable • Similar to: corrigible

Reformation Click to Search Reformation
noun a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches • Syn: Protestant Reformation • Hypernyms: religious movement

reformation Click to Search reformation
noun 1. improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs • Derivationally related forms: reform • Hypernyms: improvement, melioration • Hyponyms: counterreformation 2. rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course - example : the reclamation of delinquent children • Syn: reclamation • Derivationally related forms: reform, reclaim (for: reclamation) • Hypernyms: rescue, deliverance, delivery, saving

reformative Click to Search reformative
adjective tending to reform - example : reformative and rehabilitative agencies - example : reformatory punishment • Syn: reformatory • Similar to: helpful • Derivationally related forms: reformatory (for: reformatory), reform (for: reformatory), reform

reformatory Click to Search reformatory
I noun correctional institution for the detention and discipline and training of young or first offenders • Syn: reform school, training school • Hypernyms: correctional institution • Hyponyms: borstal II adjective tending to reform - example : reformative and rehabilitative agencies - example : reformatory punishment • Syn: reformative • Similar to: helpful • Derivationally related forms: reform, reform (for: reformative)

reformed Click to Search reformed
adjective caused to abandon an evil manner of living and follow a good one - example : a reformed drunkard • Similar to: regenerate

Reformed Click to Search Reformed
adjective of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran (Freq. 1) - example : Dutch Reformed theology • Similar to: unorthodox

reformer Click to Search reformer
noun 1. a disputant who advocates reform • Syn: reformist, crusader, social reformer, meliorist • Derivationally related forms: meliorism (for: meliorist), crusade (for: crusader), reformist (for: reformist), reformism (for: reformist), reform (for: reformist), reform • Hypernyms: disputant, controversialist, eristic • Hyponyms: abolitionist, emancipationist, birth-control campaigner, birth-control reformer, Chartist, civil rights leader, civil rights worker, civil rights activist, demonstrator, protester, dry, prohibitionist, environmentalist, conservationist, feminist, women's rightist, women's liberationist, libber, hippie, hippy, hipster, flower child, insurgent, insurrectionist, freedom fighter, rebel, militant, activist, non-resistant, passive resister, preservationist, Utopian • Instance Hyponyms: Comstock, Anthony Comstock, Dix, Dorothea Dix, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Huss, John Huss, Hus, Jan Hus, Owen, Robert Owen, Savonarola, Girolamo Savonarola, Townsend, Francis Everett Townsend, Wilkes, John Wilkes 2. an apparatus that reforms the molecular structure of hydrocarbons to produce richer fuel - example : a catalytic reformer • Derivationally related forms: reform • Hypernyms: apparatus, setup • Part Holonyms: oil refinery, petroleum refinery

reformism Click to Search reformism
noun a doctrine of reform • Derivationally related forms: reformist • Hypernyms: doctrine, philosophy, philosophical system, school of thought, ism

reformist Click to Search reformist
I noun a disputant who advocates reform • Syn: reformer, crusader, social reformer, meliorist • Derivationally related forms: meliorism (for: meliorist), crusade (for: crusader), reformism, reform, reform (for: reformer) • Hypernyms: disputant, controversialist, eristic • Hyponyms: abolitionist, emancipationist, birth-control campaigner, birth-control reformer, Chartist, civil rights leader, civil rights worker, civil rights activist, demonstrator, protester, dry, prohibitionist, environmentalist, conservationist, feminist, women's rightist, women's liberationist, libber, hippie, hippy, hipster, flower child, insurgent, insurrectionist, freedom fighter, rebel, militant, activist, non-resistant, passive resister, preservationist, Utopian • Instance Hyponyms: Comstock, Anthony Comstock, Dix, Dorothea Dix, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Huss, John Huss, Hus, Jan Hus, Owen, Robert Owen, Savonarola, Girolamo Savonarola, Townsend, Francis Everett Townsend, Wilkes, John Wilkes II adjective favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) • Syn: progressive, reform-minded • Similar to: liberal • Derivationally related forms: progressive (for: progressive), progressiveness (for: progressive), progressivity (for: progressive) • Topics: government, governing, governance, government activity, administration

reform-minded Click to Search reform-minded
adjective favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) • Syn: progressive, reformist • Similar to: liberal • Derivationally related forms: reformist (for: reformist), progressive (for: progressive), progressiveness (for: progressive), progressivity (for: progressive) • Topics: government, governing, governance, government activity, administration

reformulate Click to Search reformulate
verb formulate or develop again, of an improved theory or hypothesis • Syn: redevelop • Derivationally related forms: redevelopment (for: redevelop) • Hypernyms: explicate, formulate, develop • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

$Speak refract$ refract Click to Search refract
verb 1. subject to refraction - example : refract a light beam • Derivationally related forms: refractive, refraction • Topics: optics • Hypernyms: subject • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something 2. determine the refracting power of (a lens) • Derivationally related forms: refractive • Hypernyms: determine, find, find out, ascertain • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

$Speak refractile$ refractile Click to Search refractile
adjective of or relating to or capable of refraction - example : the refractive characteristics of the eye • Syn: refractive • Pertains to noun: refraction, refraction (for: refractive) • Derivationally related forms: refractiveness (for: refractive), refract (for: refractive), refractivity (for: refractive)

$Speak refracting telescope$ refracting telescope Click to Search refracting telescope
noun optical telescope that has a large convex lens that produces an image that is viewed through the eyepiece • Hypernyms: optical telescope • Hyponyms: field glass, glass, spyglass, Galilean telescope

$Speak refraction$ refraction Click to Search refraction
noun 1. the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another • Derivationally related forms: refract • Hypernyms: physical phenomenon • Hyponyms: double refraction, birefringence 2. the amount by which a propagating wave is bent • Syn: deflection, deflexion • Hypernyms: bending, bend

$Speak refractive$ refractive Click to Search refractive
adjective 1. capable of changing the direction (of a light or sound wave) • Syn: deflective • Similar to: crooked • Derivationally related forms: refractiveness, refract, refractivity, deflect (for: deflective) 2. of or relating to or capable of refraction - example : the refractive characteristics of the eye • Syn: refractile • Pertains to noun: refraction (for: refractile), refraction • Derivationally related forms: refractiveness, refract, refractivity

$Speak refractive index$ refractive index Click to Search refractive index
noun the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to that in a medium • Syn: index of refraction • Hypernyms: ratio

$Speak refractiveness$ refractiveness Click to Search refractiveness
noun the physical property of a medium as determined by its index of refraction • Syn: refractivity • Derivationally related forms: refractive, refractive (for: refractivity) • Hypernyms: deflection, deflexion, bending

$Speak refractivity$ refractivity Click to Search refractivity
noun the physical property of a medium as determined by its index of refraction • Syn: refractiveness • Derivationally related forms: refractive (for: refractiveness), refractive • Hypernyms: deflection, deflexion, bending

$Speak refractometer$ refractometer Click to Search refractometer
noun measuring instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance • Hypernyms: measuring instrument, measuring system, measuring device

$Speak refractoriness$ refractoriness Click to Search refractoriness
noun the trait of being unmanageable • Syn: unmanageableness, recalcitrance, recalcitrancy • Derivationally related forms: recalcitrant (for: recalcitrancy), recalcitrate (for: recalcitrance), unmanageable (for: unmanageableness), refractory • Hypernyms: intractability, intractableness

$Speak refractory$ refractory Click to Search refractory
I noun lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace • Syn: furnace lining • Hypernyms: lining, liner • Substance Meronyms: fireclay, alumina, aluminum oxide, aluminium oxide II adjective 1. not responding to treatment - example : a stubborn infection - example : a refractory case of acne - example : stubborn rust stains • Syn: stubborn • Similar to: intractable • Derivationally related forms: stubbornness (for: stubborn), refractoriness • Topics: medicine, medical specialty 2. temporarily unresponsive or not fully responsive to nervous or sexual stimuli - example : the refractory period of a muscle fiber • Similar to: unresponsive 3. stubbornly resistant to authority or control - example : a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness - example : a refractory child • Syn: fractious, recalcitrant • Similar to: disobedient • Derivationally related forms: refractoriness, fractiousness (for: fractious)

$Speak refractory anaemia$ refractory anaemia Click to Search refractory anaemia
noun any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease) • Syn: refractory anemia • Hypernyms: anemia, anaemia • Hyponyms: sideroblastic anemia, sideroblastic anaemia, siderochrestic anemia, siderochrestic anaemia

$Speak refractory anemia$ refractory anemia Click to Search refractory anemia
noun any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease) • Syn: refractory anaemia • Hypernyms: anemia, anaemia • Hyponyms: sideroblastic anemia, sideroblastic anaemia, siderochrestic anemia, siderochrestic anaemia

$Speak refractory period$ refractory period Click to Search refractory period
noun (neurology) the time after a neuron fires or a muscle fiber contracts during which a stimulus will not evoke a response • Topics: neurology • Hypernyms: biological time

$Speak refractory pot$ refractory pot Click to Search refractory pot
noun a small porous bowl made of bone ash used in assaying to separate precious metals from e.g. lead • Syn: bone-ash cup, cupel • Hypernyms: vessel

$Speak refractory-lined$ refractory-lined Click to Search refractory-lined
adjective (of furnaces) lined with material that has a high melting point • Pertains to noun: refractory

$Speak refracture$ refracture Click to Search refracture
verb break (a bone) that was previously broken but mended in an abnormal way - example : The surgeon had to refracture her wrist • Hypernyms: fracture • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refrain Click to Search refrain
I noun the part of a song where a soloist is joined by a group of singers (Freq. 3) • Syn: chorus • Derivationally related forms: choral (for: chorus), chorus (for: chorus) • Hypernyms: music • Hyponyms: tra-la, tra-la-la • Part Holonyms: song, vocal II verb 1. resist doing something (Freq. 1) - example : He refrained from hitting him back - example : she could not forbear weeping • Syn: forbear • Ant: act • Derivationally related forms: forbearance (for: forbear) • Hyponyms: leave, leave alone, leave behind, let it go, abstain, spare, save, forbear, hold back, help oneself, help, stand by, sit out • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s PP 2. choose not to consume - example : I abstain from alcohol • Syn: abstain, desist • Ant: consume (for: abstain) • Derivationally related forms: abstinent (for: abstain), abstention (for: abstain), abstainer (for: abstain), abstinence (for: abstain) • Hyponyms: fast, keep off, avoid, teetotal • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s - example : Somebody ----s PP - example : Somebody ----s VERB-ing

refresh Click to Search refresh
verb 1. refresh one's memory - example : I reviewed the material before the test • Syn: review, brush up • Derivationally related forms: refresher, brushup (for: brush up), review (for: review) • Hypernyms: remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s PP (for: brush up) 2. make (to feel) fresh - example : The cool water refreshed us • Syn: freshen • Derivationally related forms: freshener (for: freshen), refreshment, refresher • Hypernyms: regenerate, renew • Hyponyms: vent, ventilate, air out, air • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something - example : The performance is likely to refresh Sue 3. become or make oneself fresh again - example : She freshened up after the tennis game • Syn: freshen, refreshen, freshen up • Derivationally related forms: refreshment • Hypernyms: change • Hyponyms: wash up, lave • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s - example : Somebody ----s 4. make fresh again • Syn: freshen, refreshen • Ant: tire • See Also: freshen up (for: freshen) • Derivationally related forms: freshener (for: freshen) • Hypernyms: change, alter, modify • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody

refreshed Click to Search refreshed
adjective with restored energy (Freq. 3) • Syn: fresh, invigorated, reinvigorated • Similar to: rested • Derivationally related forms: freshness (for: fresh)

refreshen Click to Search refreshen
verb 1. become or make oneself fresh again - example : She freshened up after the tennis game • Syn: freshen, refresh, freshen up • Derivationally related forms: refreshment (for: refresh) • Hypernyms: change • Hyponyms: wash up, lave • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s - example : Somebody ----s 2. make fresh again • Syn: refresh, freshen • Ant: tire (for: refresh) • See Also: freshen up (for: freshen) • Derivationally related forms: freshener (for: freshen) • Hypernyms: change, alter, modify • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody

refresher Click to Search refresher
noun 1. a fee (in addition to that marked on the brief) paid to counsel in a case that lasts more than one day • Regions: United Kingdom, UK, U.K., Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Great Britain • Hypernyms: legal fee 2. a drink that refreshes - example : he stopped at the bar for a quick refresher • Derivationally related forms: refresh • Hypernyms: beverage, drink, drinkable, potable 3. a course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments • Syn: refresher course • Derivationally related forms: refresh • Hypernyms: course, course of study, course of instruction, class

refresher course Click to Search refresher course
noun a course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments • Syn: refresher • Derivationally related forms: refresh (for: refresher) • Hypernyms: course, course of study, course of instruction, class

refreshful Click to Search refreshful
adjective imparting vitality and energy - example : the bracing mountain air • Syn: bracing, brisk, fresh, refreshing, tonic • Similar to: invigorating • Derivationally related forms: freshness (for: fresh)

refreshfully Click to Search refreshfully
adverb in a manner that relieves fatigue and restores vitality - example : the air was refreshingly cool • Syn: refreshingly • Derived from adjective: refreshing (for: refreshingly)

refreshing Click to Search refreshing
adjective 1. imparting vitality and energy (Freq. 2) - example : the bracing mountain air • Syn: bracing, brisk, fresh, refreshful, tonic • Similar to: invigorating • Derivationally related forms: freshness (for: fresh) 2. pleasantly new or different - example : common sense of a most refreshing sort • Syn: novel • Similar to: new

refreshingly Click to Search refreshingly
adverb 1. in a manner that relieves fatigue and restores vitality - example : the air was refreshingly cool • Syn: refreshfully • Derived from adjective: refreshing 2. in a pleasantly novel manner - example : she was refreshingly free from shyness • Derived from adjective: refreshing

refreshment Click to Search refreshment
noun 1. snacks and drinks served as a light meal • Hypernyms: bite, collation, snack 2. activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation - example : time for rest and refreshment by the pool - example : days of joyous recreation with his friends • Syn: recreation • Derivationally related forms: recreational (for: recreation), recreate (for: recreation), refresh • Hypernyms: rejuvenation

refried beans Click to Search refried beans
noun dried beans cooked and mashed and then fried in lard with various seasonings • Syn: frijoles refritos • Regions: Mexico, United Mexican States • Hypernyms: dish

refrigerant Click to Search refrigerant
I noun any substance used to provide cooling (as in a refrigerator) • Derivationally related forms: refrigerate • Hypernyms: substance • Hyponyms: cryogen II adjective causing cooling or freezing - example : a refrigerant substance such as ice or solid carbon dioxide • Syn: refrigerating • Similar to: cold • Derivationally related forms: refrigerate

refrigerate Click to Search refrigerate
verb 1. preserve by chilling - example : many foods must be refrigerated or else they will spoil • Derivationally related forms: refrigerant, refrigeration, refrigerator • Hypernyms: preserve, keep • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 2. cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator - example : refrigerate this medicine • Derivationally related forms: refrigerant, refrigeration, refrigerator • Hypernyms: cool, chill, cool down • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refrigerated Click to Search refrigerated
adjective made or kept cold by refrigeration (Freq. 1) - example : keep the milk refrigerated - example : a refrigerated truck • Similar to: cold

refrigerating Click to Search refrigerating
adjective causing cooling or freezing - example : a refrigerant substance such as ice or solid carbon dioxide • Syn: refrigerant • Similar to: cold • Derivationally related forms: refrigerant (for: refrigerant), refrigerate (for: refrigerant)

refrigeration Click to Search refrigeration
noun 1. the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes (Freq. 2) • Syn: infrigidation • Derivationally related forms: refrigerate • Hypernyms: cooling, chilling, temperature reduction, preservation 2. deliberately lowering the body's temperature for therapeutic purposes - example : refrigeration by immersing the patient's body in a cold bath • Hypernyms: therapy

refrigeration system Click to Search refrigeration system
noun a cooling system for chilling or freezing (usually for preservative purposes) • Hypernyms: cooling system, cooling • Part Holonyms: refrigerator, icebox, refrigerator car

refrigerator Click to Search refrigerator
noun white goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures (Freq. 2) • Syn: icebox • Derivationally related forms: refrigerate • Hypernyms: white goods • Hyponyms: cooler, ice chest, electric refrigerator, fridge • Part Meronyms: drip pan, refrigeration system

refrigerator car Click to Search refrigerator car
noun a freight car that is equipped with refrigeration system • Hypernyms: freight car • Part Meronyms: refrigeration system

refrigerator cookie Click to Search refrigerator cookie
noun dough formed into a roll and chilled in the refrigerator then sliced and baked • Hypernyms: cookie, cooky, biscuit

refuel Click to Search refuel
verb 1. provide with additional fuel, as of aircraft, ships, and cars (Freq. 2) • Derivationally related forms: refueling • Hypernyms: fuel • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something 2. take on more fuel, as of a plane, ship, or car (Freq. 1) • Derivationally related forms: refueling • Hypernyms: fuel • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s - example : Somebody ----s

refueling Click to Search refueling
noun the activity of supplying or taking on fuel (Freq. 1) • Syn: fueling • Derivationally related forms: refuel, fuel (for: fueling) • Hypernyms: provision, supply, supplying

refuge Click to Search refuge
noun 1. a safe place - example : He ran to safety • Syn: safety • Hypernyms: area, country • Hyponyms: harborage, harbourage 2. act of turning to for assistance - example : have recourse to the courts - example : an appeal to his uncle was his last resort • Syn: recourse, resort • Derivationally related forms: resort (for: resort) • Hypernyms: aid, assist, assistance, help 3. something or someone turned to for assistance or security - example : his only recourse was the police - example : took refuge in lying • Syn: recourse, resort • Derivationally related forms: resort (for: resort) • Hypernyms: resource • Hyponyms: shadow 4. a shelter from danger or hardship • Syn: sanctuary, asylum • Hypernyms: shelter • Hyponyms: harbor, harbour, safehold, safe house

refugee Click to Search refugee
noun an exile who flees for safety (Freq. 5) • Hypernyms: exile, expatriate, expat • Hyponyms: displaced person, DP, stateless person

refugee camp Click to Search refugee camp
noun shelter for persons displaced by war or political oppression or for religious beliefs • Syn: camp • Hypernyms: shelter

refulgence Click to Search refulgence
noun the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light • Syn: radiance, radiancy, shine, effulgence, refulgency • Derivationally related forms: refulgent (for: refulgency), refulgent, effulgent (for: effulgence), shiny (for: shine), shine (for: shine), radiant (for: radiancy), radiate (for: radiancy), radiant (for: radiance), radiate (for: radiance) • Hypernyms: brightness • Hyponyms: gleam, gleaming, glow, lambency, shininess, sheen, luster, lustre, polish, gloss, glossiness, burnish

refulgency Click to Search refulgency
noun the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light • Syn: radiance, radiancy, shine, effulgence, refulgence • Derivationally related forms: refulgent, refulgent (for: refulgence), effulgent (for: effulgence), shiny (for: shine), shine (for: shine), radiant (for: radiancy), radiate (for: radiancy), radiant (for: radiance), radiate (for: radiance) • Hypernyms: brightness • Hyponyms: gleam, gleaming, glow, lambency, shininess, sheen, luster, lustre, polish, gloss, glossiness, burnish

refulgent Click to Search refulgent
adjective radiating or as if radiating light - example : the beaming sun - example : the effulgent daffodils - example : a radiant sunrise - example : a refulgent sunset • Syn: beaming, beamy, effulgent, radiant • Similar to: bright • Derivationally related forms: refulgency, refulgence, radiancy (for: radiant), radiance (for: radiant), radiate (for: radiant), effulgence (for: effulgent), beam (for: beamy)

refund Click to Search refund
I noun 1. money returned to a payer (Freq. 7) • Hypernyms: payment • Hyponyms: rebate, discount 2. the act of returning money received previously (Freq. 1) • Syn: repayment • Derivationally related forms: repay (for: repayment) • Hypernyms: payment, defrayal, defrayment II verb pay back (Freq. 1) - example : Please refund me my money • Syn: return, repay, give back • Derivationally related forms: repayment (for: repay) • Hypernyms: pay • Hyponyms: reimburse, restore, restitute • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody something - example : Somebody ----s something to somebody - example : They refund the money to them - example : They refund them the money

refurbish Click to Search refurbish
verb make brighter and prettier (Freq. 1) - example : we refurbished the guest wing - example : My wife wants us to renovate • Syn: renovate, freshen up • Derivationally related forms: renovation (for: renovate), refurbishment • Hypernyms: regenerate, renew • Hyponyms: gentrify • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s (for: renovate)

refurbishment Click to Search refurbishment
noun the state of being restored to its former good condition - example : the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house • Syn: renovation, restoration • Derivationally related forms: refurbish, restore (for: restoration), renovate (for: renovation) • Hypernyms: improvement, melioration

refurnish Click to Search refurnish
verb furnish with new or different furniture - example : We refurnished the living room • Hypernyms: furnish • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something

refusal Click to Search refusal
noun 1. the act of refusing (Freq. 4) • Derivationally related forms: refuse • Hypernyms: denial • Hyponyms: repudiation, prohibition 2. a message refusing to accept something that is offered (Freq. 1) • Derivationally related forms: refuse • Hypernyms: message, content, subject matter, substance • Hyponyms: declination, regrets

refuse Click to Search refuse
I noun food that is discarded (as from a kitchen) (Freq. 1) • Syn: garbage, food waste, scraps • Hypernyms: waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product II verb 1. show unwillingness towards (Freq. 47) - example : he declined to join the group on a hike • Syn: decline • Ant: accept • Hypernyms: react, respond • Hyponyms: reject, spurn, freeze off, scorn, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down, contract out, regret, repudiate, disobey • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Somebody ----s to INFINITIVE - example : They refuse to move 2. refuse to accept (Freq. 13) - example : He refused my offer of hospitality • Syn: reject, pass up, turn down, decline • Ant: accept • Derivationally related forms: declination (for: decline), turndown (for: turn down), rejection (for: reject), refusal • Hyponyms: dishonor, dishonour, bounce • Verb Group: reject, spurn, freeze off, scorn, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s something from somebody - example : They refuse the money 3. elude, especially in a baffling way (Freq. 5) - example : This behavior defies explanation • Syn: defy, resist • Ant: lend oneself (for: defy) • Hypernyms: elude, escape • Hyponyms: beggar • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s something 4. refuse to let have (Freq. 2) - example : She denies me every pleasure - example : he denies her her weekly allowance • Syn: deny • Ant: allow (for: deny) • Derivationally related forms: refusal, denier (for: deny) • Hypernyms: keep, hold on • Hyponyms: withhold, keep back • Verb Group: deny, abnegate • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s somebody something - example : They refuse them the money 5. resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ - example : His body rejected the liver of the donor • Syn: resist, reject • Derivationally related forms: resistant (for: resist) • Hypernyms: react, respond • Verb Frames: - example : Something ----s something 6. refuse entrance or membership - example : They turned away hundreds of fans - example : Black people were often rejected by country clubs • Syn: reject, turn down, turn away • Ant: admit (for: reject) • Derivationally related forms: refusal, turndown (for: turn down), reject (for: reject) • Verb Group: reject, spurn, freeze off, scorn, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s somebody

refuse collector Click to Search refuse collector
noun someone employed to collect and dispose of refuse • Syn: garbage man, garbageman, garbage collector, garbage carter, garbage hauler, dustman • Hypernyms: hauler, haulier

refuse heap Click to Search refuse heap
noun an accumulation of refuse and discarded matter • Syn: garbage heap, junk heap, rubbish heap, scrapheap, trash heap, junk pile, trash pile • Hypernyms: dump, garbage dump, trash dump, rubbish dump, wasteyard, waste-yard, dumpsite

refutable Click to Search refutable
adjective able to be refuted • Syn: questionable, confutable, confutative • Similar to: deniable • Derivationally related forms: confute (for: confutative)

refutal Click to Search refutal
noun the act of determining that something is false • Syn: falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation • Derivationally related forms: refute (for: refutation), falsify (for: falsifying) • Hypernyms: determination, finding

refutation Click to Search refutation
noun 1. the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions - example : his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive - example : in defense he said the other man started it • Syn: defense, defence • Derivationally related forms: refute • Hypernyms: answer • Hyponyms: confutation, rebuttal 2. any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something • Syn: disproof, falsification • Derivationally related forms: refute, falsify (for: falsification) • Hypernyms: evidence, grounds • Hyponyms: reductio ad absurdum, reductio, confutation, counterexample 3. the act of determining that something is false • Syn: falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutal • Derivationally related forms: refute, falsify (for: falsifying) • Hypernyms: determination, finding

refute Click to Search refute
verb 1. overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof (Freq. 2) - example : The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments • Syn: rebut • Derivationally related forms: rebutter (for: rebut), rebuttal (for: rebut), refutation, refuter • Hypernyms: disown, renounce, repudiate • Hyponyms: oppose, controvert, contradict, answer • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Somebody ----s somebody - example : Something ----s something 2. prove to be false or incorrect (Freq. 1) • Syn: rebut, controvert • Derivationally related forms: rebutter (for: rebut), refutation, refuter • Hypernyms: disprove, confute • Verb Frames: - example : Somebody ----s something - example : Something ----s something

refuter Click to Search refuter
noun a debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument • Syn: rebutter, disprover, confuter • Derivationally related forms: confute (for: confuter), refute, disprove (for: disprover), rebut (for: rebutter) • Hypernyms: debater, arguer

ref

Linguatic English Turkish Dictionary

ref

refashion

refection

refectory

refer

refer to

refer to a dictionary

referable

referee

referee

referee in bankruptcy

reference

reference

reference

reference library

reference mark

referendum

referring to

refill

refill

refine

refine on

refined

refinement

refiner

refinery

refining furnace

refit

refit

refitment

reflect

reflect credit upon smb

reflect on

reflect poorly on

reflect upon

reflection

reflective

reflector

reflex

reflex

reflexible

reflexion

reflexive

reflexive

reflexive pronoun

reflexive verb

refloat

refluent

reflux

reforest

reforestation

reform

reform

reform school

Reformation

reformative

reformatory

reformatory

reformed

reformer

reformism

reformist

refract

refracting

refraction

refractive

refractor

refractoriness

refractory

refractory clay

refrain

refrain

refrain from

refrain from doing

refrangible

refresh

refresh s.o.´s memory of

refresher